Static Site Build S3
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This guide will show you how to automatically push your static site from GitHub onto S3 through a continuous integration workflow.
Why onto S3? S3 is a great solution for serverless web assets, such as a portfolio, blog, or other static sites. S3 is awesome, quite inexpensive and used in production to make some very large and scalable static web pages.
To accomplish our goal of having an S3 bucket with the latest version of our webpage, we will use Travis CI to build the site and deploy it.
To get started, login to your AWS account (or create one).Note: If you are logged in as root (the account you used to register for AWS) make sure that your security status has five green check marks!
If your account is not yet secure, activating MFA and deleting root keys should be your first priority. You might also want to check out:
AWS — S3
First we will create a new S3 bucket for holding and hosting our site.If you have used S3 before, it might be under your recently visited services, otherwise it will be under Storage. Alternative, you can go directly into the s3 console.
During the creation process picking a name for the S3 bucket can be a bit difficult, because bucket names have a global scope. This means that trying to use names like test will fail as they are taken by someone else.
Don’t forget that the buckets need to have DNS compliant names (Between 3 to 63 characters, cannot start or end with a period, be in IP address format etc…).
Once you have a bucket name and a region selected, just click the create button.We can skip the rest of the options and just create the bucket after this.
After the bucket is created, go into the bucket’s properties and enable Static Web Hosting with the Use this bucket to host the website option.
Hit save.Note: The default index and error documents will be called index.html and error.html respectively.
AWS — IAM User
Next, we will need to create a user that Travis CI can use to deploy our code into our new S3 bucket.
Go into IAM > users > add new user
Give it a descriptive name and make sure to check Programmatic access.
Skip the permission step for now and review and create your user. Make sure to save the access_key_id and secret_access_key. The easiest way is to download the credentials.csv.
Once the user is created, click on them. Under permissions, you should see“add inline permission”.
We will add the following json, but with the later two Resource having your_bucket_name replaced with the name of the newly created bucket.
AWS — Testing User Account
Next we will test to see whether our new account and the S3 bucket play along together. For this, we will use the AWS CLI (Download AWS CLI).
Open your favorite terminal and configure aws cli with the newly created users credentials.
Example:
Next let’s create a simple HTML hello world and call it index.html
We can use the aws cp function which works similarly to the linux cp function.
The format of the cp command:
Within the folder you saved index.html. Type the following command and replace [bucket_name] with your bucket name.
Check if the file was moved into the bucket by logging into the aws s3 console.
If the file is in there, our new account has enough permissions to at least push files into the S3 bucket. Next, take a look at the new file’s permission, give everyone read object permissions.
After which, if you go back into the file overview tab and click on its link, we can see how our page will be displayed if someone has the link.
Introduction to Travis CI
Travis CI, along with several others, is a provisioned, cloud based virtual machine that provides users with continuous integration (CI) and continuous deployment (CD). Stack Overflow has a good post on why to use Travis CI. Explained in several places]
Github Setup
Either log into GitHub and open or create your static sites repository.- (Optional) If you are creating a new one we can add a license file and a basic README now.
Git clone the repo onto your machine.
Once your repository is created login into TravisCI and make sure the repository is toggled to on.
We are just doing step 1. Image from TravisCI
Travis — Yaml Config
Create an empty .travis.yml file within your repo folder.
According to the Travis docs, the bare minimal configuration we need to add to our .travis.yml to deploy to S3 is:
We replace the access key and secret key with the ones we got from our newly created user’s credentials.csv file and the bucket should match our S3 created bucket name.
Before we commit this note that you should never post your secret access key anywhere publicly accessible. So, for our minimal configuration we will need to first encrypt the secret_access_key before we can create our initial commit of the config file. (Important: If you commit the unencrypted access key, you will need to go into AWS — IAM, click on the user used for travisCI and under security credentials delete the old access key and generate a new one.)
First download and install Travis CLI (this will require installation of ruby or possibly an upgrade)
Next open your terminal and cd into the repository containing the .travis.yml
To encrypt the file, according to documentation is as follow:
But, what you really need to do is:
Next, if we look back at our file it will look something like this:
Once we have successfully encrypted our secret key we can commit and push
.travis.yml
index.html (The same hello World One)
Next we will let Travis build, run and deploy our code, but we will get the following error:
And if you look at the logs you will probably seem something like this:
That’s caused because Travis defaulted to running your code as a ruby project and it couldn’t find or run your default rake file.
We will convert the project into Node.js, since we will probably want to use Bootstrap with sass, a Sass compiler, and maybe a css optimizer.
We will specify the latest version of node to keep our dependencies working. This will also keep us from getting errors like:
So we will add to our config:
Unless we make a package.json file we will get the following:
Project — package.json
If you have node.js installed on your machine, open your terminal and cd into your local repo and type the following:
Next, a prompt will ask you to enter some information
name
version (Here you can put 0.0.0 or 0.0.1)
description (optional)
main (optional)
repository url (your github repo url)
author
license (MIT or default should be fine)
After you are done, a package.json will be created that will look something like this:
If we commit now, we will still get another error.
So, to finally get our first working copy we will need to change our testunder scripts to something like:
The first working package.json will look something like this:
Now, if we commit the
package.json
and if you haven’t already, commit the
.travis.yml
index.html
We will get our first commit and deploy into the S3 bucket. The error that you may encounter here is:
That’s Travis telling you that you entered your programmatic access keys (the access_key_id and/or secret_access_key ) incorrectly. In my case, I encrypted the secret_access_key incorrectly and thus I had to redo it correctly to deploy into the S3 bucket.
Travis — Deploy and set permission
Deploying files to S3 automatically is great, but if we had to change the permission for every file manually, so that its publicly accessible, there would be almost no point to everything we have done.
With the following S3 ACL option we can have Travis set the correct file permissions.
Our config file should now look like this:
